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Hereditary ophthalmic diseases are a diverse group of conditions caused by alterations in genetic code that lead to vision impairment or blindness. These diseases affect various components of the eye, including the retina, optic nerve, and other ocular tissues. Over 350 eye diseases have been attributed to hereditary factors, with conditions such as albinism, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), colorblindness, cataracts, glaucoma, night blindness, and retinitis pigmentosa being well-documented. These diseases not only impact the individual's quality of life but also pose significant socioeconomic challenges due to the associated healthcare costs and loss of productivity.